The Journal of Coastal and Ocean Sciences publishes scientific articles from research by lecturers and other researchers in the marine sector. It covers aspects of biology, physics, and chemistry for brackish waters (mangrove swamps, river estuaries) and marine waters (coastal and offshore seas).
Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Universitas Riau
Analysis of Inundation Area as the Impact of Sea Level Rise in Padang City, West Sumatera
Coastal areas have a high potential for natural resources, but the intensity of their utilization often leads to physical environmental changes. One of the significant impacts is land subsidence and sea level rise, which trigger tidal flooding (rob floods). This study aims to determine the rate of sea level rise from 2014 to 2023 using tidal data analysis and to predict inundation areas for 2033, 2043, and 2053. This study was carried out in July 2024 in the coastal region of Padang City, West Sumatra Province. The research method is a survey, with a remote sensing approach and direct field observation (ground checks) to verify the accuracy of the spatial data. The study results indicate that Padang City exhibits a mixed tide, predominantly semidiurnal, with a Formzahl value of 0,41. The sea level is rising at a rate of 1,56 cm per year. The value was applied to predict sea level rise for 2033, 2043, and 2053, resulting in estimated increases of 0,156 m, 0,312 m, and 0.468 m, respectively. Subsequently, the projected sea level heights were analyzed to determine the extent of inundated areas for each respective year, and the results show that the inundated areas would reach 150,81 hectares, 161,51 hectares, and 172,37 hectares. This trend suggests that, as time progresses, the extent of areas affected by tidal flooding (rob) will continue to expand, potentially disrupting economic activities, damaging infrastructure, and impacting the social fabric of coastal communities
Copyright (c) 2026 Vikri Ibnu Permana, Rifardi Rifardi, Ilham Ilahi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Relationship between Coral Reefs and the Abundance of Reef Fish of the Pomacentridae Family in the Waters of Setan Island, West Sumatra
Coral reefs play a role in maintaining marine biodiversity by providing habitat for various aquatic organisms, including reef fish from the Pomacentridae family. This study aims to analyze the relationship between coral reef cover and the Abundance of Pomacentridae reef fish in the waters of Setan Island, West Sumatra. The underwater photo transect (UPT) method is employed for coral cover analysis, while the underwater visual census (UVC) method is utilized for collecting fish abundance data. The results showed that the average percentage value of coral reef cover at a depth of 3 m was 20.38%, and at a depth of 6 m, it was 17.51%, indicating a poor category for the percentage value of coral reef cover. Data collection was conducted at four different stations. The highest coral cover was recorded at Station I (31.35%), while the lowest was at Station IV (0.33%). The Abundance of Pomacentridae reef fish varied between stations, with the highest Abundance observed in areas with higher coral cover. Based on simple linear regression analysis, the percentage of live coral cover accounts for 56.19% of the variation in the abundance value of Pomacentridae coral fish (R² = 0.5619), with a strong correlation (r = 0.7496). This indicates that declining coral reef conditions can harm fish populations. This finding underscores the significance of coral reef conservation efforts in maintaining marine biodiversity and ecosystem balance
Copyright (c) 2025 Rangga Wardana, Thamrin Thamrin, Rifardi Rifardi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Storage Temperature on the Product Quality of Several Pro Coffee Variants That Contain (Bacillus cereus SN7)
This study aims to analyze the effect of storage temperature on microbial growth in several pro coffee variants and to investigate the impact of storage temperature on the quality of pro coffee containing B. cereus SN7. The coffee variants used were original, latte, original jelly, and latte jelly at temperatures of 10, 25, and 37°C for 7 days of storage. Microbial growth was observed using the total plate count method, while the pro coffee quality was analysed using the organoleptic test. The results showed that low storage temperatures can inhibit microbial growth and maintain the quality of pro coffee. The lowest total number of microbes was found in the original variant with a storage temperature of 10°C, with a value of 0.11 × 103 CFU/mL, and the highest total number of microbes was found in the latte jelly variant with a storage temperature of 25°C, with a value of 3.476 × 103 CFU/mL. In the organoleptic test, the highest value was found in the latte variant coffee at a storage temperature of 10°C, categorized as 'very like', with a value of 35% for taste, 30% for aroma, and 30% for colour. The effect of temperature on the product quality of several probiotic coffee variants containing B. cereus SN7 showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in microbial growth and the quality value of the probiotic coffee. Statistical analysis showed the effect of temperature on the product quality of several pro coffee variants containing B. cereus SN7.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Fhito Al Farisy, Feli Feliatra, Ummi Mardhiah Batubara (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Potential Carbon Stock and Absorption in Mangroves in Penempul Village, Sungai Sembilan District, Dumai City, Riau Province
Global warming is caused by increased greenhouse gas emissions, particularly CO₂, and can be controlled through carbon sequestration by vegetation, including mangrove forests. The study was conducted in January and February 2025 in the mangrove area of Penempul Village, Sungai Sembilan District, Dumai City, Riau Province, to determine the density in relation to biomass, carbon stock, and CO₂ absorption, as well as to investigate the relationship between density and biomass, carbon stock, and CO₂ absorption. The method used in this study was a survey method with a purposive sampling technique, which involved measuring the diameter of mangrove tree trunks at chest height (DBH). Mangrove biomass calculations were performed using allometric equations, and biomass was converted into carbon stock and CO₂ absorption. The study results indicated the presence of 11 mangrove species, with average estimated biomass, carbon stock, and CO₂ absorption values of 521.84 tons/ha, 245.25 tons/ha, and 899.35 tons/ha, respectively. The ANOVA results showed significant differences (p > 0.05) between the three stations regarding biomass, carbon stock, and CO₂ absorption. Mangrove density had a weak correlation with biomass, carbon stock, and CO₂ absorption, with a correlation coefficient of 0.299.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sabina Dwi Yuhanda, Yusni Ikhwan Siregar, Afrizal Tanjung (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Heavy Metal Concentrations in Avicennia alba from the Western Coast of Dumai City, Riau Province
Coastal ecosystems play a crucial role in supporting biodiversity, but are increasingly threatened by heavy metal pollution from industrial and domestic activities. The mangrove species Avicennia alba can absorb heavy metals through phytoremediation processes, making it a promising bioindicator of environmental contamination. This study aimed to analyze the concentrations and variations in the accumulation of lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) in A. alba roots, stems, and leaves along the western coast of Dumai City, Riau Province. Fieldwork was conducted from January to February 2025 at two sampling sites: Pangkalan Sesai Village (Station 1) and Purnama Village (Station 2). Heavy metal concentrations were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) following wet digestion. Environmental parameters were also measured, including temperature, salinity, and pH. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, non-parametric tests, and independent t-tests. The results indicated that Pb and Cu were present in all plant parts. The highest concentration of Pb was found in the stems (7.05 µg/g), while Cu was most concentrated in the roots (5.38 µg/g). No statistically significant differences were observed among plant parts (p > 0.05); however, a significant spatial difference in Pb concentrations between the two stations was detected (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that anthropogenic activities and local water quality conditions likely Influence the observed variations. Overall, A. alba demonstrates strong potential as a bioindicator species for monitoring heavy metal contamination in coastal environments.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fitria Mai Yona, Bintal Amin, Efriyeldi Efriyeldi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Heavy Metal (Pb, Cu, and Zn) Content in Geloina erosa and Cerithidea obtusa from the Western Coast of Dumai, Riau Province
Industrial and shipping activities in coastal areas have the potential to increase heavy metal pollution, which can accumulate in marine organisms and impact food safety. On the west coast of Dumai, Geloina erosa and Cerithidea obtusa are widely consumed by the local community, making it important to study their heavy metal content. This study aims to analyse the levels of Pb, Cu, and Zn in the soft tissues of these two species and compare the differences between species and sampling locations. The study was conducted in February 2025 at two stations: Station 1 (Purnama) and Station 2 (Pangkalan Sesai). Samples were collected using purposive sampling and analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The results showed that the average Pb, Cu, and Zn content in G. erosa were 6.79 µg/g, 6.13 µg/g, and 8.36 µg/g, respectively, while in C. obtusa they were 7.09 µg/g, 6.27 µg/g, and 7.41 µg/g. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were detected in the Cu and Zn content in G. erosa, as well as Zn in C. obtusa, between stations. Pb and Cu were generally higher in both species at Station 2, while the highest Zn levels were found in G. erosa at Station 1 (9.12 µg/g) and C. obtusa at Station 2 (8.50 µg/g). The highest PTWI value was found in G. erosa at Station 1; however, all results remained within safe consumption limits. Therefore, both species are deemed safe for consumption, despite variations in heavy metal content between species and research locations
Copyright (c) 2025 Annisa Fajriani, Bintal Amin, Efriyeldi Efriyeldi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Coastline Changes and Water Current Circulation Patterns in Batam City, Riau Islands Province
Environmental damage is caused by coastal reclamation to advance the economic sector in Batam City. Reclamation can cause changes in the coastline of Batam City. This study aims to determine the extent of changes in the coastline that occurred in Batam City from 2003 to 2023 and to understand the pattern of ocean current circulation in Batam City before reclamation in 2003 and after reclamation in 2023. This study was conducted in January 2024. The method used for data analysis to observe changes in the coastline is the Digital Shoreline Analysis System. Numerical models available in the MIKE21 software to model water circulation in estuary beaches. The study results show that land additions dominated changes in the coastline of Batam City from 2003 to 2023. The sub-district with the most significant addition was Bengkong, with an addition of 816.58 m and an addition rate of 39.79 m/year, followed by Nongsa, with an addition of 279.05 m and an accretion rate of 13.59 m/year. The flow pattern during the ebb and flow before reclamation had a maximum speed of 0.27 m/s, while after reclamation, the maximum current speed increased to 0.33 m/s. It can be concluded that the progression of the coastline primarily drove the changes in Batam City's coastline from 2003 to 2023. Meanwhile, the increasing current speed can reach 0.33 m/s
Copyright (c) 2025 Robby Nainggolan, Mubarak Mubarak, Nursyirwani Nursyirwani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Abundance and Diversity of Sea Cucumber (Holothuroidea) in Hajoran Beach, Central Tapanuli, North Sumatra
Hajoran is a beach located on the coast of Pandan District, Tapanuli Tengah Regency, North Sumatra. This beach is one of the popular tourist destinations. It boasts high marine biodiversity, including a diverse array of marine organisms, which are part of the invertebrate animal group. This study was conducted in December 2024 along the Hajoran coast. The objective of this study was to determine the species, abundance, and diversity of sea cucumbers. The study also utilized supporting data, including water quality parameters that characterize the habitat conditions of sea cucumber species, such as temperature, salinity, depth, dissolved oxygen (DO), and total suspended solids (TSS). The study employed a survey method with sample collection using the quadrant transect method at three stations. Based on the study's results, four species were identified at the study site: Holothuria atra, H. scabra, Stichopus ananas, and S. chlorosomatus. The average abundance at all stations ranged from 9.600 to 14.000 ind/ha; the highest abundance was recorded at station III. The relative abundance values for each sea cucumber species ranged from 8 to 100%. The lowest relative diversity value was shown by the species S. chloronotus, with a value of 8% at station III. Conversely, the species H. atra exhibited the highest relative diversity value. The diversity index (H') of sea cucumbers at the research site was classified as moderate. Overall, the relatively stable and standardized water quality conditions at Hajoran Beach support the abundance and diversity of sea cucumber species
Copyright (c) 2025 Ela Nanda Bethanya, Zulkifli Zulkifli, Joko Samiaji (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Species Composition and Abundance of Zooplankton at Different Depths in the Waters of Teluk Makmur Subdistrict, Dumai City
Teluk Makmur in Dumai City is a coastal area experiencing ecological pressure due to human activities, such as tourism and industry. Changes in water quality in this region may affect the structure of the zooplankton community, which plays a crucial role in the food chain. This study aims to determine the species and abundance of zooplankton at various depths and stations. The research was conducted in November 2024 at Koneng Beach, Marina Beach, and Puak Beach. At each station, samples were collected at three depths (1 m, 3 m, and 5 m) using survey and purposive sampling techniques. Water quality parameters such as temperature, salinity, DO, pH, transparency, current, nitrate, and phosphate were also measured. Identification revealed five zooplankton species from the class Hexanauplia: Acartia sp., Calanus sp., Temora turbinata, Oithona sp., and Nauplius sp. The highest abundance was recorded at a depth of 5 m (41,542 ind/l), while the lowest abundance was found at depths of 1 m and 3 m (0 ind/l). Based on stations, the highest abundance was observed at Station I (27,694.67 ind/l) and the lowest at Station II (8,308.33 ind/l). One-way ANOVA test results showed no significant difference in zooplankton abundance either between depths or between stations (p > 0.05).
Copyright (c) 2025 Merisa Debora Sinaga, Irvina Nurrachmi, Joko Samiaji (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessment of Marine Ecotourism Development Potential in Lapin Beach, North Rupat, Riau Province
Lapin Beach in North Rupat, Riau Province, has excellent potential to be developed as a marine ecotourism area due to its natural beauty and local cultural richness. However, no scientific research has explored this potential in depth. This study aims to analyze the potential and formulate strategies for the sustainable development of marine ecotourism in Lapin Beach to improve the welfare of local communities. The research was conducted from December 2024 to February 2025. Data were collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and water quality measurements. The analysis used is the coastal tourism suitability index and the SWOT approach. The results showed that Lapin Beach has strong potential for ecotourism, supported by easy access, natural panoramas, and community participation. The tourism suitability index ranged from 83.97 to 86.53%, indicating a high suitability (S1). Water quality and coastal topography support tourism activities. SWOT analysis suggested strategies including promotion, facility improvements, and community engagement in maintaining sustainability. Recommended development strategies include optimizing natural attractions, empowering local businesses, improving infrastructure, and enhancing monitoring efforts. Further studies should consist of aspects of biota, vegetation, and economic impact to support sustainable ecotourism management and enhance community well-being.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aidil Rahmad Akbar, Joko Samiaji, Dessy Yoswaty (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Mangrove Forest Health in the Coastal Area of Kutawaru Village, Cilacap Regency, Central Java
Mangroves are forests that grow in coastal areas and play a crucial role in maintaining environmental balance, as the health of this ecosystem significantly impacts the stability of coastal areas and the survival of communities that depend on natural resources. This study aims to analyze the Mangrove Health Index (MHI) in the coastal area of Kutawaru Village, Cilacap Regency, Central Java. The transect method was used at three research stations representing mangrove forests. The observed parameters included type identification, canopy cover, stem diameter, and density of trees and saplings. A total of 14 mangrove species were identified, with Rhizophora apiculata as the dominant species, having the highest Importance Value Index (IVI) of 104.69%. The highest tree density is found at Station 3, with a value of 4,611.11 trees/Ha, and the average canopy cover is 80.8%, which is classified as very dense. The average MHI value of 73.74% shows that the condition of the mangrove ecosystem in this region is relatively good. The results of this study are expected to serve as a reference for the formulation of sustainable mangrove management and conservation policies
Copyright (c) 2025 Rusiani Oktaria, Efriyeldi Efriyeldi, Zulkifli Zulkifli (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Relation Macrozoobenthos with Sediment Organic Material in the Intertidal Zone in Selat Baru Beach, Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province
Selat Baru Village was one of several beaches on Bengkalis Island which was located in the northern part of Bengkalis Island. Selat Baru Beach is a tourist spot that has the most visitors every day, especially during the Eid holidays. In addition, there are rivers, ports, and boat crossings also taking place on Selat Baru Beach. The purpose of this study was to determine the content of sediment organic matter, the type and abundance of macrozoobenthos, and to determine the relationship between the organic matter of sediment and the abundance of macrozoobenthos in the New Strait coastal waters. The method used was a survey method, where the data collected was primary data which was then analyzed statistically and discussed descriptively. The results of measurements of oceanographic parameters from the research location have an average temperature of 28,67 oC, and pH of 7, a salinity of 26,33 ‰, transparency of 24,33 cm, and a current velocity of 0,1 m/s. The average sediment content obtained at station 1 was 1,42%, station 2 was 0,77%, and station 3 was 7,34%. The percentage of sand fraction has the highest percentage at station 1 substation 3 (95,56%) and the lowest at station 3 substation 3 (39,78%), while the highest percentage of mud fraction was at station 3 substation 3 (54,19%) and the lowest found at station 2 substation 1 (4,15%). The macrozoobenthos found were from the Bivalvia class (Corbicula sp, Lucinidae sp, Anomia sp) and the Gastropod class (Nucella sp, Rabdotus sp, Cerithidea sp) and the Malacostraca class (Hermigrapsus sp). The average abundance of macrozoobenthos found at station 1 was 4,22 ind/m2, station 2 was 4,22 ind/m2, and station 3 was 10,67 ind/m2. The result shows the effect of the sludge sediment fraction on the abundance of macrozoobenthos has a coefficient of determination (R2) with a value of 0,9015 and a correlation coefficient (r) with a value of 0,9495 meaning that 90,15% of macrozoobenthos abundance was influenced by sediment fraction and the rest was influenced by other environmental factors
Macrozoobenthos Organic Matter Sediment Abundance Selat Baru Beach
Copyright (c) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Identification of the Types and Abundance of Microplastics in Telescopium telescopium in the Coastal Waters of Karimun Island, Riau Islands Province
This research was carried out in March 2020 to identify the type and abundance of microplastics and the relationship between the abundance of microplastics and the size (weight and length) of Telescopium telescopium in the coastal waters of Karimun Island, Riau Islands Province. Tanjung Balai Karimun has densely populated settlements and has many tourist attractions, so it is suspected that a large amount of plastic used is wasted into marine waters and fragmented into microplastics. The method used in this research is the survey method. The results showed that the abundance of microplastics in T.telescopium ranged from 6.9 - 12 particles/individual. The types of microplastics found were fibre, film and fragments, with the dominant type being Fiber. The abundance of fibre type microplastics has a strong relationship with weight and a moderate to length relationship. The abundance of film and fragment microplastics had a weak relationship with weight and length.
Mikroplastik Pencemaran Telescopium telescopium Tanjung Balai Karimun
Level of Water Pollution Based on Organic Material Parameters and Number of Bacteria Escherechia coli in Dumai River Estuary, Dumai City
This research was conducted in March 2020 at the Dumai River Estuary, Dumai City, Riau Province. The purpose of this study was to analyze the parameters of OT, BOD and TOM in the Dumai River Estuary; analyzing E. coli bacteria in the Dumai River Estuary and Determining the Level of Water Pollution Based on the Content of Organic Material Parameters and E. coli in the Dumai River Estuary. The data analysis method refers to OT (SNI 06.6989.14-2004), BOD (SNI 06-2503-2009), BOT (SNI 06-6989.22-2004) and E. coli (SNI 2897-2008). The results of measuring the parameters of organic matter content in the Dumai River Estuary, OT levels ranged from 4.1 - 4.6 mg /L, BOD5 levels ranged from 21.5 - 30.6 mg /L, the TOM content in The Dumai River Estuary ranges from 104 -165 mg /L and E. coli bacteria in the Dumai River Estuary ranges from 180 - 764 MPN /100 mL. The level of pollution at the Dumai River Estuary is based on the parameters of organic matter and E. coli content, including the criteria for light pollution.
Pollution Organic Materials Escherichia coli Dumai River Estuary
The Structure of Macrozoobenthos Community in the Intertidal Zone of Api-Api Village Waters, Bandar Laksamana District, Bengkalis
This research aims to analyze the structure of macrozoobenthos community in the intertidal zone of Api-Api Village waters, Bandar Laksamana District, Bengkalis regency. There were 5 subzones determined as the observation areas. Each subzone consists of 5 subplots which taken parallel to the coast with a distance of 10 meters from each subplot. The types of macrozoobenthos found consisted of 4 classes, 19 families, and 23 species. The diversity index for each subzone ranged from 2.72 to 3.55, species uniformity index ranged from 0.78-0.91 and dominance index ranged from 0.11-0.19, with the criteria of a uniform distribution pattern. The highest macrozoobenthos density was in subzone 1 with a total density of 19.6 ind/m2, while the lowest was in subzone 4 with a total density of 10.6 ind/m2. The result of statistical tests using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at a confidence interval of 95% (ɑ = 0.05), showed that macrozoobenthos density in subzone 1,2,3,4 and 5 was not significant in different (P = 0.824), which means that there was no real different density that five subzones.
Community structure density intertidal zone makrozoobenthos
Biodegradability of Proteolytic Bacteria in Mangrove Ecosystems
The purpose of this study was to awareness the optimal time for the growth of proteolytic bacteria in producing the protease enzyme and determine the effectiveness of the protease enzyme from proteolytic bacteria in degrading mangrove litter. The method used was the experimental method by using two proteolytic bacteria isolates, namely Bacillus manliponensis (K6) and Bacillus toyonensis (K20). This method used one treatment for each proteolytic bacterial isolate, namely the addition of different extract containing protease enzyme (0%, 25%, and 50%) with three replications. Measurement of bacterial growth was carried out every 6 hours for 24 hours using Total Plate Count (TPC) and spectrophotometric method. B. manliponensis and B. toyonensis have enzyme activity as indicate by the presence of a clear zone on Zobell Marine Agar 2216 and skim milk 1%. The growth bacteria based on the TPC measurement was directly proportional to the spectrophotometric measurement results. The highest bacterial count was (1.39 x 108 CFU's/ml) K6 bacteria and (1.52 x 108 CFU's/ml) K20 bacteria. The results of the measurement of cell growth in the spectrophotometric method occurred at the 6th hour, namely 10.36 x 108 CFU's/ml (K6 bacteria) and 10.97 x 108 CFU's/ml (K20 bacteria). The optimum time of the protease enzyme occurred at 6 hours, which was 0.0258 mg/ml (K6 bacteria) and 0.0262 mg/ml (K20 bacteria). The highest dissolved protein content was obtained at the 50% dose of 0.054 mg/ml (K6 bacteria) and 0.055 mg/ml (K20 bacteria), while the lowest was at 0%, namely 0.050 mg/ml (K6 bacteria) and 0.051 mg/ml (K20 bacteria).
Biodegradation Growth Proteolytic Bacteria Protease Enzyme Dissolved Protein
Isolation and Identification of Bacteria from Dumai Marine Waters that Have Potencial as Lead Bioremediation Agents
One of the harmful pollutants to human health is the heavy metal Lead (Pb). A high concentration of lead that has can accumulate in the body of living things if in a long period of time. Lead concentrations that exceed the threshold in an environment can cause damage that affects aquatic biota and other living things. This research was carried out in February-April 2021. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify bacteria that have the potential as lead bioremediation agents from Dumai marine waters. Isolation and identification of bacteria were carried out at the Laboratory of Marine Microbiology, Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, and the lead concentration test at the Laboratory of Chemical Testing and Analysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering. The results of the isolation on Marine Agar media which was added with Pb acetate (Pb(CH3COO2)) obtained three bacterial isolates from Dumai sea waters, namely D1, D2, and D3. The isolate that had the best growth was isolated D1. The isolate D1 was able to reduce the highest Pb concentration from 10 ppm by 80.53%, at a concentration of 20 ppm Pb, the isolate D1 was able to reduce Pb concentration by 78.8% and at a concentration of Pb 30 ppm, isolate D1 was able to reduce Pb concentration by 77.21%.
Epipelic Diatom Community Structure in the Intertidal Zone Mengkapan Waters, Sungai Apit District, Siak Regency
This research was conducted in December 2020 in Mengkapan Waters, Sungai Apit District, Siak Regency. The aims of this research was to analyze the composition, abundance, diversity index, uniformity index, and dominance index of epipelic diatom species in the intertidal zone. The method used is a survey method and the determination of the sampling location by purposive sampling based on anthropogenic activities around the waters. The water quality measured in this study were brightness, temperature, current velocity, salinity, pH, nitrate, and phosphate. Based on the research results, there are 19 species epipelic diatoms found in Mengkapan Waters, namely Coscinodiscus sp., Navicula sp., Gyrosigma sp., Thalassiosira sp., Pleurosigma sp., Synedra sp., Pinnularia sp., Surirella sp., Nitzchia sp., Triceratium sp., Melosira sp., Skeletonema sp., Stephanodiscus sp., Oscillatoria sp., Cocconeis sp., Epithemia sp., Diadesmis sp., Cymbella sp., and Amphipleura sp. The average value of abundance ranged from 29,245.37 – 35,744.33 ind/cm2, the diversity index value ranged from 2.5909 to 2.8014, the uniformity index value ranged from 0.6736 – 0.7755, and the dominance index ranged from 0.1684 - 0.2064. Based on one-way Anova test, concluded that abundance of epipelic diatoms between each stations weren’t significant.
Epipelic Diatom Intertidal Zone Mengkapan Waters
Analysis of Indigenous Bacteria as Microplastic Degradation of Sediment in the Sea Waters of Dumai, Riau Province
Nowdays Marine pollution resulted by microplastics is a global concern. Microplastic particles have the potential to cause damage to biota. One of solution to overcome the problem of marine pollution by microplastics by applying indigenous bacteria as microplastic degradation. This study was conducted to determine the type and ability of indigenous bacteria in sediments that are able to degrade microplastics. The research was conducted from October to December 2020. Sediment sampling was conducted in Dumai Sea Waters and sample analysis was conducted at the Marine Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Riau University. Indigenous bacteria from sediments were isolated in bacterial breeding media and then tested degradation capabilities on PET plastic samples. The result of the degradation test obtained ISL8 was able to degrade the mycoplastic with a percent degradation about 7%. Molecular test of ISL8 using PCR (Polymer chain reaction) 16S rRNA method and GenBank analysis is known that ISL8 is Bacillus sp.
Microplastic sediment indigenous bacteria degradation
Analysis of Inundation area as an Impact of Sea Level Rise in Kota Pariaman District, West Sumatera Province
This research has conducted on February 2021 in Kota Pariaman District, Sumatera Barat Province. The intention of this research was to found out the sea level rise rate based on tidal data analysis from 2001-2020 and to predict the inundation area in the 20th, 50th, and 80th to go. The method of this research was a descriptive survey by using remote sensing as the additional equipment to demonstrate the outcome. The acquisition needs are primary (land use and tidal data) and secondary (slope, elevation, land use, and tidal data) data. Those parameters were processed and analyzed to describe the area of inundation by displaying a map of Kota Pariaman. Kota Pariaman territorial water has 0,44 of Formzhal number which means the waters area is classified to mixed semidiurnal tides with the sea level rise value reach out to 2,006 cm/year. Then, the number used to predict the height of sea-level rise in 20th, 50th, and 80th to go, for each is 0,471 m; 1,073 m; and 1,675m. Furthermore, the sea level rise height was analyzed to get the inundation area in 20th, 50th, and 80th to go, turns out the flooded area for each year respectively to 14,56 ha; 23,61 ha, and 38,16 ha.
Water Brightness Profile Based on Tidal Current in Dumai River Estuary, Dumai City, Riau Province
This research was conducted in August 2020 in the Dumai River Estuary, West Dumai District, Dumai City, Riau Province. The purpose of this study was to determine the brightness of the waters and its distribution in the waters of the Dumai River estuary. The research method used is a survey method with the determination of the sampling point using purposive sampling method at tide towards low tide and low tide towards the tide. The map is heavy using ArcMap 10.4 software and interpolated using IDW (Spatial Analyst) tools. The results showed the brightness at tide to low tide, which is around 23.5-129 cm with an average brightness of 84.3 cm. Brightness at at low tide to high tide is around 35-127.5 cm with an average brightness of 88.15 cm. Based on the map, the brightness of the waters of the Dumai River Estuary is low at the mouth of the estuary and high in the part that leads to the sea.
Water Brightness Distribution Dumai River Estuary
Identification of Indigenous Bacteria from Dumai Sea Waters Using 16S rRNA Method
Indigenous bacteria are bacteria that naturally live freely in nature and have a variety of benefits for humans. These bacteria also have the potential to degrade pollution bacteria in the water. This research was conducted in November-December 2020. The purpose of this study was to and identify indigenous bacteria from dumai sea waters using the PCR method of 16S rRNA sequence technique. Based on the results of the study based on the analysis of 16S rRNA it is known that isolate 10 belongs to the bacterium genus Bacillus and has a homological rate of 93% with Bacillus paramycoides bacteria. Based on the phylogenic tree of isolate bacteria 10 does not have nodes associated with ten bacteria contained in NCBI. This suggests that phylogenically indigenous bacteria ISL 10 have no species similarity to the ten bacterial isolates in the phylogenetic tree, but have a similarity of base order of 93% to B. paramycoides.
Indigenous bacteria 16S rRNA Phylogenic B.paramycoides
The Potential of Marine Ecotourism in Pandan Beach, Districts Central Tapanuli, Province of North Sumatera
Marine ecotourism is a type of special interest tourism that has marine-related activities, both under the sea and above sea level. Marine ecotourism can be one of the key factors in supporting the protection of cultural values that live in society, sustainability, and the quality of the environment. In tourism development, there are two approaches, namely mass tourism development and sustainable tourism. The study was conducted in February - April 2021 on the Pandan Beach of Central Tapanuli Regency, the Province of North Sumatera. The aims of the study were to determine the marine ecotourism potential and to know the perception of stakeholders. The method used in this study is a survey method, with respondents comprising of local people, tourists, business tourism, and policymakers. Water measuring observed includes water brightness, temperature, salinity, acidity (pH), and the flow velocity carried. The results showed that the tourist attraction at Pandan Beach includes enjoying the panorama, sunset, traditional culinary, sports activity, mangrove and the ecologically at Pandan Beach is white sand with clear waters and have beautiful panorama with lush pine tree vegetation, as well as activities that can be done such as fishing, swimming, boating, and walking around the beach. Tourism Suitability Index values at stations I, II, and III were 96%, 95%, and 71%, respectively. Pandan Beach has the potential as a marine ecotourism area such as natural beauty that is pristine, natural and so exotic.
Potency Marine Ecotourism Pandan Beach North Sumatera
Ratio of Elements Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), and Phosphorus (P) At Sediment in Seagrass Ecosystem Nirwana Beach Padang West Sumatera
This research was conducted in November 2020 at Nirwana Beach, Teluk Bayur, Padang City, West Sumatra Province. The organic carbon concentration in the sediments at Nirwana Beach ranges from 1.0320 – 3.03550%, the nitrate content ranges from 0.8599– 0.9577 mg/L, the phosphate 1.8231– 2.7616 mg/L. The C:N:P ratio of sediment is 18.75:1:2.25. The type of sediment found in this study is gravel-sand and seagrass found in the research location was Thalassia hemprichii with a density of 105 - 312 stands/m2. The correlation between the concentration of organic carbon, nitrate, and phosphate on the density of seagrass species is positive.
Ratio C:N:P Sediment Seagrass Nirwana Beach
Growth of Api-Api (Avicennia alba) Rehabilitation in Kedaburapat Village, Rangsang Pesisir City Meranti Islands District
This research was conducted in July-October 2020. Observation and data collection of Avicennia alba growth was carried out in the mangrove forest rehabilitation area, Kedaburapat, Kepulauan Meranti Regency. The purpose of this study was to analyze the growth of A. alba as on rehabilitation project based on the height and diameter planted in the coastal area of Kedaburapat, Kepulauan Meranti Regency. A survey method was conducted to obtain primary data. The data collected included the height and diameter of A. alba stems as well as measurements of water quality. The results of the research showed that the average height increase A. alba on the transect was 7.59-19.86 cm/month. The average value of the increased diameter based on the transect was 1.05-3.11 mm/month. Meanwhile, the average height by zone was 8.07-16.13 cm/month. The average value of the increased diameter by zone was 1.03-2.70 mm/month.
Kedaburapat Avicennia alba Rehabilitation Height Diameter
Water Pollution Levels Based on Organic Matter Parameters and Amount of Escherichia coli Bacteria in the Mosque River Estuary of Dumai City
This research was conducted in March 2020 at Mosque River Estuary of Dumai City, Riau Province. The aimed of this research was to determine the pollution levels in the Mosque River Estuary based on organic matter parameters and E. coli bacteria. DO analysis refers to SNI 06.6989.14-2004, BOD5 refers to SNI 06-2503-2009, BOT refers to SNI 06-6989.22-2004 and E. coli bacteria refers to SNI 2897: 2008. The results of DO measurements ranged from 5.30 - 5.56 mg/l, BOD5 ranged from 16.5-21.8 mg/l, BOT ranged from 15 - 162 mg/l, and bacteria E. coli ranges from 11.1 - 1,100 MPN/100ml. Based on the results of the account of the Pollution Index, the Mosque River Estuary waters of Dumai City, Riau Province, are categorized as light to moderate pollution.
Organic Matter E coli Bacteria Pollution Level
Identification of Microplastic Type and Abundance in East Coast of Karimun Besar Island, Riau Islands
High anthropogenic activities on the east coast of Karimun Besar Island contribute a certain amount of wastes, especially plastics. Plastics will be degraded due to the natural mechanism of smaller parts and known as microplastics. Small size and widespread distribution has caused microplastics can be found widely in the ocean and coastal areas. This study was conducted in March 2020, located on the east coast of Karimun Besar Island, Province of Riau Islands. The purpose of this study was to know the presence of microplastics in its coastal water. The method used in this study was a survey method by taking samples from four stations with suspected different anthropogenic activities. The results showed that the lowest abundance of microplastics in the coastal waters of the east coast of Karimun Besar Island was 63,33 particles/m3 and the highest was 161,66 particles/m3, with the dominant type found was fibre. The abundance of the microplastic between station was found to be significantly different (p < 0,05).
Karimun Besar Island abundance of microplastics Sea Water
Microplastic in the Digestive Tract of Kurau (Polydactylus octonemus) in the Coastal Waters of Karimun Besar Island, Riau Islands Province
This study was conducted in March 2020 to know the presence of microplastics in the digestive tract of wild threadfin fish in the coastal waters of Karimun Besar Island, Riau Islands. The method used in this study was survey method. The results showed that the abundance of microplastics in the digestive tract of fish varies, the lowest of 2.89 particles / individu to the highest of 5.89 particles / individu with the dominant type found was fibre. The abundance of microplastic at station 1 was found to be higher than in station 2. The different anthropogenic activities in the two station were discussed. The Relationship between kurau fish size and microplastic abundance is weak with r = 0.21 and R² = 4.6% with the regression equation is y = 7.9747 – 0.0813x.
Karimun abundance microplastics wild threadfin pollution
Condition of Mangrove Forest in the Village of Apar Pariaman Utara District Pariaman City West Sumatra Province
Pariaman Utara District has the most extensive mangrove forest, which is 16.5 ha, in Apar Village the amount (6.0 ha). The purpose of this study was to determine the type and density of mangrove forests and to determine the condition of mangrove forests by determining the percentage of canopy cover in Apar Village. The method used in this research is a survey method, where the data collected is data obtained directly from the field which is then analyzed the data. The research procedure consisted of several stages, namely, collecting density data at 3 stations. Each station consisted of 3 straight line transects along 50 meters from the sea and estuary to land with a position perpendicular to the coast and having a distance between transect lines of 50 meters. In each transect line there are 3 plots arranged in a zigzag manner with a size of 10 m x 10 m for the tree category mangrove community structure. Retrieval of canopy cover photo data which was then analyzed by hemispherical photography. The results of measurements of water quality from the research location were temperature 29 - 30 ° C, salinity 4 - 5 ‰ and pH of the waters were 6-7. The composition of mangroves in the research locations were Sonneratia caseolaris, Sonneratia alba, Rhizophora mucronata, Nypa fructicans. Density at station I, 1700.00 trees/ha, station II 1311.11 trees/ha and station III 1888.89 trees/ha. Canopy cover at station I, 80.65%, station II, 58.46% and station III, 83.21%.
Composition Density Canopy Cover Mangrove Apar Village
Mangrove Vegetation Community Structure in Sungai Sembilan Sub-District, Dumai City
Mangroves are one of the important ecosystems in coastal areas that grow in places that are still influenced by tides. This research was conducted from October to November 2019 in the mangrove ecosystem of Sungai Sembilan District, Dumai City, Riau Province. The purpose of this study was to determine the structure of mangrove vegetation in Sungai Sembilan District, Dumai City. The method used in this study was a survey method, and used 4 stations. The mangrove species obtained were Avicennia alba, Avicennia mariana, Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, Sonneratia alba, Xylocarpus granatum and Nypa fruticans. The density of mangrove vegetation at stations I, II, and III has criteria 1000 to < 1500 Trees/Ha, while at station IV the criteria are damaged with tree density criteria < 1000 Trees/Ha. From the aspect of the index, the mangrove community has a diversity value (H') which is classified as moderate with sufficient productivity which has a value ranging from 1.70 to 2.36, the value of uniformity (E) is classified as uneven, which is around 0.25 to 0.34 and the index value is dominance (C) which is relatively low, ranging from 0.12 to 0.33 which means that there is no dominant species in the area. Based on the significance value, the vegetation type R. apiculata dominated by having a greater significance value than the other species as a whole at each station in the tree, sapling and seedling categories.
Mangrove Vegetation Kecamatan Sungai District Rhizophora apiculata
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