PLASMAFOOD: A physics-based hybrid energy system innovation for portable cold plasma generation as a non-thermal food security solution

Abstract

Global food security faces significant challenges due to high post-harvest losses, limited energy access, and inadequate cold chain infrastructure, particularly in rural and remote areas. Cold plasma technology has been proved effective in inactivating microorganisms by up to 99% and extending food shelf life without compromising its physical and sensory qualities. However, its implementation remains limited to laboratory and industrial scales due to dependence on conventional electrical energy sources and non-portable system designs. This study aims to develop PLASMAFOOD, an portable cold plasma system based on hybrid renewable energy by integrating photovoltaic, thermoelectric, and piezoelectric sources to provide an independent energy supply. The system is designed that operated at low power (15 – 25 W) with high voltage (10 – 15 kV) to generate plasma suitable for food sterilization. The results indicate that the integration of hybrid energy improves system efficiency and operational stability while enabling implementation in off-grid areas. Therefore, this study contributes to bridging the gap between the potential and practical application of cold plasma technology, as well as supporting the development of sustainable, energy efficient, and environmentally friendly food systems.